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Konversi
Published by Universitas Lambung Mangkurat
ISSN : 23023686     EISSN : 25413481     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
Education
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 8, No 2 (2019): Oktober 2019" : 8 Documents clear
MANUFACTURING OF BIOPLASTICS FROM CELLULOSE EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES WASTE WITH ADDITION OF GLYCEROL AS PLASTICIZER Azahra Rizka Amalia; Rian Fasya Kumara; Novy Pralisa Putri
Konversi Vol 8, No 2 (2019): Oktober 2019
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v8i2.6839

Abstract

Abstrak- Produksi sampah plastik meningkat setiap hari dan dapat merusak lingkungan karena plastik sulit terurai. Oleh karena itu mengurangi penggunaan plastik atau mengganti bahan baku plastik adalah salah satu solusi untuk masalah lingkungan. Selulosa adalah salah satu bahan pembentuk plastik dan salah satu sumber selulosa adalah tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Selulosa diekstraksi dari limbah tandan buah kosong menggunakan metode delignifikasi dengan larutan NaOH 17,5% selama 3 jam pada suhu 90-95˚C. Sintesis bioplastik diproses dengan selulosa, pati dan gliserol. Metode sintesis yang digunakan adalah pemanasan selama 1 jam pada suhu 80-90˚C. Variabel yang dianalisis adalah variasi selulosa dan massa pati 0,4 g dan 0,8 g; 0,5 g dan 0,7 g; 0,6 g dan 0,6 g; 0,7 g dan 0,5 g; dan 0,8 g dan 0,4 g. Tes bioplastik yang dilakukan meliputi uji ketahanan air, uji kepadatan, dan uji biodegradasi. Hasil yang paling optimal dalam uji ketahanan air adalah 29,17%, uji kepadatan 0,7273 g mL, dan uji biodegradasi adalah 19,58%.  Keywords :  tandan kosong kelapa sawit, selulosa, delignifikasi, sintesa, bioplastik. 
ISOLATION OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE FROM MEDANG WOOD (Neolitsea latifolia) Sunardi Sunardi; Amelia Lestari; Ahmad Budi Junaidi; Wiwin Tyas Istikowati
Konversi Vol 8, No 2 (2019): Oktober 2019
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v8i2.6881

Abstract

Abstract - Research on the effect of the use of HCl concentrations in the hydrolysis process of cellulose from medang wood (Neolitsea latifolia) on the characteristics of microcrystalline cellulose has been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of HCl concentration on the characteristics of microcrystalline cellulose. The analysis carried out included yield, pH, color, functional group characterization using FTIR and crystallinity index using XRD. The hydrolysis process was carried out at 105 °C for 15 minutes with variations in HCl concentrations of 1.5 N, 2.5 N and 3.5 N. Based on the results of the research conducted, the results showed that the use of variations in the concentration of HCl in the hydrolysis process affected the yield, color, TCI (Total Crystallinity Index) value of FTIR data and crystallinity index of XRD data. The yield of microcrystalline cellulose produced from each variation of concentration was 64.41, 61.94 and 53.99. The color of microcrystalline cellulose is getting darker as the concentration of HCl is used. Based on FTIR data, the TCl value of microcrystalline cellulose from each variation of concentration was 0.861%, 0.907% and 0.976%. XRD data shows an increase in crystallinity index produced from each variation in concentration on microcrystalline cellulose amounted to 80.52%, 82.17% and 83.49%.
PYROLYSIS OF CASSAVA BAGASSE INTO BIO-OIL USING Ni/NZA CATALYSTS Jefriadi Jefriadi; Syaiful Bahri; Sunarno Sunarno; Rinny Jelita
Konversi Vol 8, No 2 (2019): Oktober 2019
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v8i2.7194

Abstract

Cassava bagasse is a solid tapioca industry waste that can be used as an energy source. In this study, cassava bagasse was pyrolyzed to produce bio-oil and studied the effect of Ni/NZA catalysts on yield, heating value and distribution of bio-oil products. The making of Ni/NZA catalyst starts with the process of activating natural zeolite to produce natural zeolite activated (NZA). Furthermore, impregnation of Ni metals in NZA with Ni levels 1, 2 and 3% w/w (Ni/NZA). The next step is calcination, oxidation and reduction. Cassava is peeled, shredded, washed, filtered and dried and then mashed and screened with a 60 and 80 mesh sieve to obtain cassava bagasse biomass with a size of -60+80 mesh. 50 grams of cassava bagasse with 500 ml silinap and 1.5 gram Ni/NZA catalyst are pyrolyzed at 320oC with nitrogen gas flow of 80 mL/min. Bio-oil products are analyzed by the heating value and distribution of the products. The yield of bio-oil obtained on pyrolysis using 0% Ni/NZA was 54.27% and pyrolysis using 2% Ni/NZA obtained the highest yield of 61.87%. The highest bio-oil heating value was obtained in pyrolysis using 0% Ni/NZA which is 46.78 MJ/kg and lower with increasing Ni levels in NZA. The results of GC-MS analysis of the bio-oil products showed that the use of 1% Ni/NZA catalyst significantly increased the percent area of several components i.e. 2,4,4-trimethy-l-1-Pentene, 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-Hexadiene, and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-Pentene and decreases the percent area of some other components i.e. 1-bromo-3-methyl-Cyclohexane, 2-methyl-1-Propene,tetramer, 1-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)-3-methyl-Cyclohexene and 3-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-Cyclohexanone.
ANALYSIS OF ENCAPSULATED YEAST IN COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS APPROACH Riani Ayu Lestari; Rianti Indah Lestari
Konversi Vol 8, No 2 (2019): Oktober 2019
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v8i2.7203

Abstract

Abstract - Computational fluid dynamics of encapsulated yeast has been developed to determine characterization of encapsulated yeast applied for ethanol production from lignocellulose waste. Encapsulated yeast as biologically activate materials enclosed in a semipermeable membrane to protect cell from inhibitor attack. Encapsulated yeast system relates to mass transfer of substrate (glucose) into capsule and out of capsule and fermentation reaction. Modelling of mass transfer was developed to understand capsule performance consisting of 3 parts, cell aggregate, liquid space and thin membrane. Finite element method has been applied to solve partial differential equation of glucose concentration profile against x, y position and t -time in Comsol multhiphysics 3.5a. Capsule geometry was showed in half part capsule, 2D and axis symmetries. Trend line of glucose distribution was effected by thickness membrane that 0.1 mm controlling in mass transfer and cell aggregate of 50%-v of membrane.Keywords: computational fluid dynamics, encapsulated yeast system, glucose mass transfer
SYNTHESIS OF ACTIVATED CARBON (AC) FROM BAMBOO WASTE AS A SUPPORT OF ZINC OXIDE (ZnO) CATALYST Nurull Fanani; Ika Fitri Ulfindrayani
Konversi Vol 8, No 2 (2019): Oktober 2019
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v8i2.7183

Abstract

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik karbon aktif yang terbuat dari limbah bambu untuk dapat digunakan sebagai pendukung katalis Seng Oksida (ZnO). Limbah bambu yang diperoleh dari industri kerajinan bambu dan bekas pemasangan baliho ini di potong-potong terlebih dahulu agar dapat dimasukkan kedalam reaktor karbonisasi (kalsiner), kemudian dilakukan proses karbonisasi pada suhu 400oC selama 2 jam. Karbon yang dihasilkan dari proses karbonisasi diaktivasi dengan menggunakan H3PO4  kemudian di impregnasi dengan katalis Seng oksida (ZnO). Impregnasi dilakukan dengan perbandingan loading katalis yaitu 2,5%, 5% dan 10%. Katalis yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan BET untuk mengetahui luas permukaan dan XRD untuk menunjukkan kristalinitasnya. Sedangkan untuk identifikasi gugus karbon digunakan spektofotometer FTIR. Hasil dari karakterisasi BET menunjukkan luas permukaan sebesar  292.219 m2/g pada loading 10%, hasil XRD menunjukkan bahwa katalis yag telah diimpregnasi bersifat amorf atau tidak menunjukkan perubahan dan hasil FTIR menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif yang diperoleh memiliki gugus fungsi OH, C-O, CH, C-OH, dan CH2.
TRANSESTERIFICATION OF BIODIESEL FROM WASTE COOKING OIL USING CAO NANOCATALYST Cindi Ramayanti; Sarah Dampang
Konversi Vol 8, No 2 (2019): Oktober 2019
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v8i2.7163

Abstract

The production costs of biodiesel based on vegetable oil is not economical, so it is difficult for biodiesel to compete with petrodiesel. Waste cooking oil can be used as a source of raw materials for biodiesel production. This research aims to produce biodiesel from waste cooking oil. The initial stage is to pretreatment of waste cooking oil. At this step, the waste cooking oil is filtered to separate impurities from the raw material. After that, it is heated to 100 oC to remove the water content. The second stage is transesterification. At this stage, the reaction time remains for one hour at a temperature of 65 oC. the product is centrifuged to separate the catalyst. The highest yield was obtained in the 12: 1 molar ratio variable and the amount of catalyst 3%, which was 0.922. Yield obtained ranged from 0.853-0.922. An increase in the molar ratio is significant enough to increase the amount of yield. However, increasing the amount of catalyst especially from 2% to 3% is not significant enough to increase biodiesel yield. The characteristics of biodiesel produced are in accordance with SNI Biodiesel, density 870 Kg / cm3, viscosity 4.25 cSt, flash point 170, and acid number 0.4 mg-KOH/g biodiesel.
PIPE CONDITION ANALYSIS USING ULTRASONIC TESTING TO PREDICT THE REMAINING SERVICE LIVE (RSL) OF THE PETROLEUM DISTRIBUTION PIPELINE Sarah Dampang; Nanang Burhan; Cindi Ramayanti
Konversi Vol 8, No 2 (2019): Oktober 2019
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v8i2.7173

Abstract

The pipeline network in the petroleum industry is very susceptible to corrosion.  Corrosion problems can cause losses that are not small financially.  Corrosion that occurs in underground pipes can be in the form of external corrosion on the outer surface of the pipe caused by acid content in the air or in the soil or internal corrosion inside the pipe caused by petroleum content in the form of water, carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S).  Corrosion causes the useful or service life of these pipes to be shorter than expected.  This study aims to measure the Remaining Service Life (RSL) of the petroleum distribution pipeline as an initial step of preventive action to avoid fatal consequences of corrosion problems.  In this study, ultrasonic testing was used as one of the Non Destructive Testing (NDT) methods to check the condition of the petroleum distribution pipe's wall.  In this study, it is found that the Remaining Service Life (RSL) of the pipeline under investigation is 25 years.
OPTIMIZATION OF RICE HUSK HYDROLYSIS TIME INTO FURFURAL ASSISTED BY MICROWAVE Marinda Rahim; Arief Adhiksana; Mina Indriani
Konversi Vol 8, No 2 (2019): Oktober 2019
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v8i2.7013

Abstract

Rice production in East Kalimantan is quite high. In the process of milling usually rice husk obtained is about 20-30% from grains weight produced. The quite potential amount of rice husk  has not yet widely utilized, even though rice husk contains pentosan which can be processed into furfural by hydrolysis method.  The purpose of this research is to develop one step hydrolysis technique of rice husk into furfural  with  microwaves assistance to obtain the optimum time which can produce maximum furfural. In  this research 50 grams of rice husk was added with 500 mL of H2SO4 1% as the catalyst. The mixture was then hydrolyzed using microwave-assisted method with a time variety of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120  minutes.  The result of analysis by Gas Chromatography (GC) showed that the highest result of furfural was at 90 minutes with a yield of 2.923%.

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